Applications of MHDRS

Technological process (stage)	The changeable characteristics of liquid	Technical and economic effect
Boiler-water conditioning (De aeration).	Decrease of gases solubility.	Scum formation reduction. Corrosion reduction.
Boiler-water conditioning (Filtration).	Decrease of water viscosity. Speed increase of ion-exchange processes.	Resources saving: Increasing the work duration of ion-exchange filters between regenerations in 1.5 - 3 times. The decrease of reagents expenses (ion-exchange pitch, chloride, acid, alkali). Decrease the expenses of water on washing. The volume decrease of salted drains in 1.5 - 3 times. Energy saving: Decrease the energy expenses.
Boiler-water conditioning (Preliminary softening of crude or circulating water).	Decrease of heat capacity. The structure change of crude water.	Resources saving: The expenses of steam decrease on heating of crude water. The quality of clarified previously of softened water is increasing. The prevention of salts sediment on surfaces of heat exchange.
Boiler-water conditioning (Clarifying previously softened water).	Decrease of water viscosity.	Resources saving: The productivity of clarifying equipment increasing on 10-15 %
Having warmed up waters, manufacture of thermal energy.	Decrease of water heat capacity.	Energy saving: The prevention of salts sediment. Decrease of specific expenses of fuel on 8 - 15 %. Decrease the general energy expenses.
Having warmed up waters, manufacture of thermal energy (Turnaround water supply).	The change of physical characteristics of water.	Energy saving: The prevention of salts sediment on pipelines and heat exchange equipment. The temperature of the heat-carrier on an input of heating system is increasing.
Manufacture of steam.	The heat of evaporation decrease.	Energy saving: Decrease the energy expenses. The fuel expenses decrease on 10 - 20 %. The prevention of salts sediment.
Steam out of solutions.	The heat of evaporation decrease.	Energy saving: The energy expenses decrease on 20 - 30 %.
Burning liquid hydrocarbons.	The change of viscosity, of heat evaporation, of superficial tension.	Energy saving: The economy of fuel. Resources saving: Increase of the equipment resource. The improvement of ecological parameters of manufacture.
Cooling.	The heat capacity increase. The structure change of cooling water.	Resources saving: The prevention of salts sediment on pipelines and heat exchange equipment. The productivity of compressors and pumps is increasing. Increase of the equipment resource.
Division suspension (settling, clarification, filtration, centrifuging).	The structure change of liquid. The dehydration of ions. The decrease of viscosity.	The division speed is increasing on 20 - 30 %. The productivity of equipment is increasing.
The hetero phase chemical and physic-chemical processes on border solid-liquid (lime slaking, ions exchange, dissolution, crystallization).	The structure change of liquid. The dehydration of ions. The decrease of viscosity.	Resources saving: The speed of lime slaking is increasing and the lime slaking process's wastage is decreasing. The speed of dissolution and crystallization is increasing. The exchange capacity of ions exchange filters is increasing on 50 - 100 %.
Manufacture of "lime milk".	Decrease of water viscosity.	The speed of processes increase. The concentration increase of "lime milk".
Chemical purification of water.	The structure change of water.	The speed of processes increase. Resources saving: The increasing the work duration of filters between regenerations in 2 - 4 times. Decrease of reagents expenses. Energy saving: The energy expenses decrease.
Absorption of SO2 or CO2	The structure change of water.	Decrease of expenses sulfur. The prevention of salts sediment on pipelines and heat exchange equipment.
Utensils washing.	The structure change of water.	Resources saving: The speed of processes increase. The prevention of salts sediment on pipelines, pumps and heat exchange equipment. The decrease of reagents expenses.

MHDRS For Fuel Oil Treatment

The magnetic treatment of fuel makes it possible to change its structure, destroy its long molecular bonds of compound hydrocarbons, which gives rise to free radicals and intensification of the burning process. The modification of fuel properties entails chemical changes in the burning process and, consequently, alters the burning products. This puts a damper on ecological problems. It is noteworthy that the fuel oil treated by our MHDRS will produce significant economical factors.

The application of hydrocarbon fuels creates a host of environmental hazards and, therefore, calls for the protection against harmful wastes and the recycling of oil contaminated water. The solution proves to be quite expensive. Hence we have come forward with a proposal to do both: relax this snag and yield direct economical effects. Our technology has been designed to protect the atmosphere and water alike against hazardous elements such as NOx, CO, soot, multiple nucleus hydrocarbons, oil products and other dangerous substances. Our technology hinges upon the idea of fuel oil burning as water and fuel oil emulsions.

The method of water and fuel oil emulsion combustion is known far and wide. Towards, this end, it is necessary that the water and fuel oil emulsion be readied as a homogeneous mixture of fuel oil and moisture to be added in "the water-oil" proportion. The water is present inside the fuel sheath as a dispersion phase in the shape of particles with the diameter of a few microns. A stable combustion and burning process may be secured provided these conditions are observed with the moisture of the water and fuel oil emulsion reaching 20% and, at times, going beyond 50%. Enhanced efficiency of the emulsion burning even at extremely low excesses of air accounts for a micro explosion of the emulsion drops owing to the boiling temperature differences of water and fuel oil. Once further atomization of emulsion drops is employed, their evaporation rate accelerates and, consequently, the fuel mixes with the air more readily. As there are products of water dissociation within the burning ambience, the combustion of fuel oil goes through considerable intensification.

We have designed a magnetic hydrodynamic resonance system for modification and emulsification of fuel oil (MHDRS-2004M) in order to prepare conditional water and fuel oil emulsions with specific moisture content, dispersion, viscosity, etc. The use of wastewater as a make-up line makes it possible to treat by flame the considerable quantities of up to 20% of fuel consumption per one boiler. This will put the heat power station or the boiler on the footing of a reduced wastes enterprise by recycling all the wastewater contaminated by oil products. The same effect is produced once the moisture-enriched natural gas is exposed to the combustion

The combustion of water and fuel oil emulsion alongside the natural gas with the moisture added shall lower the temperature within the ambience of maximum generation of nitrogen oxides and shall, consequently, lead to a significant reduction (30-35%) in their concentration in the smoke gases. NO may be further suppressed in the case of nitrogen enriched solutions being employed in the capacity of the make-up moisture alongside the wastewater. To facilitate the process in the prescribed fashion the fuel burning must be arranged properly. A solution or Ca(OH)2 weak suspension may also be applied to bring down the concentration of sulphur oxides when burning sulphuric fuel oil included into the make-up water.

The formation of multiple nucleus hydrocarbons when burning the organic fuel has not been subjected to thorough research as yet. The concentration of C20H12 in the smoke gases is known to reduce by an additional combustion of the products of incomplete burning and the temperature rise in the burning zone (over 1500°C) as well as introduction of special inhibitors. It has been established that the concentration of C20H12 in the fuel burning products may scale down dramatically once the moisture content is fed into the burning zone with the subsequent dissociation of water molecules into H+ or OH- ions.

Heading from the foregoing, i.e. the impact of moisture factors or reagent solutions inside the high temperature fuel combustion ambience on the hazardous content (NOx, SO2, CO, C20H12 et alia) of the smoke gases and possible treatment of the waste water by combustion, it is presumed that the burning of fuel oil in the form of water and fuel oil emulsion or natural gas with the moisture content may be regarded as a complex, multi-purpose and eco-friendly technology. The application of these techniques has lived up to the economical expectations as they bring about a more rational use for fuel heat capacity. The implementation thereof does not entail considerable investment either. The practical application of this technology at existing heat power stations and boilers will create yet another benefit: the implementation of the techniques does not require considerable design related modifications. Nor changes are needed for the gas line. Once the boilers switch over to the water and fuel oil combustion some slight corrections shall be introduced to the fuel oil line of the heat power station or the boiler. Therefore, the technology proposed herein is quite compatible with the technologies for fuel combustion performed by contemporary industrial equipment.

The liquid fuel shall be preliminary prepared by way of magnetic and hydrodynamic resonance treatment in MHDRS-2004M in order to yield a homogeneous and highly dispersed condition of the water and fuel oil mixture. This will improve physical and technological traits of the fuel, i.e. (dispersion rate, homogeneity, time stability) and will boost its performance.

The efficiency of fuel oil emulsion combustion is determined, first and foremost, by the presence and strength of globule micro explosions inside the flame jet. It has been established by experiment that the reduction of globule sizes plays down the micro explosion effect or explosion power, which is defined by a relative velocity of drop fragments and their number. The optimum size of fuel oil emulsion dispersion phase brings the maximum effect inside MHDRS-2004M.
HEAT TRANSFER - WATER CONTENT RELATIONSHIP OF FUEL OIL

There is quite an obvious answer to this particular question: when burning the water enriched fuel oil the heat transfer drops in proportion to the increase of the water content. This is an indisputable fact for the "traditional" fuel oil enriched by water due to exterior circumstances. Such fuel oil contains the water in the shape of lenses, blocks and large drops of over 200 mcm in diameter.

However, the emulsified fuel oil is different from the untreated one by the micro dispersed phase of the water with the diameter of the drop being 10 mcm.

The emulsified fuel oil is atomized inside the furnace in the same manner as the regular fuel oil. However, its burning process has fresh qualitative properties.

The efficiency of liquid fuel combustion is defined by its quality of atomization and readiness to mix with the oxidizer (air).

The emulsified fuel oil in atomized form contains thousands of water micro drops. Once the drops of such a fuel have found their way inside the furnace an explosion is initiated due to the instant boiling micro dispersed water drops. This gives rise to a secondary fuel atomization inside the furnace and makes it possible to conduct the burning process at a lower value of air excess factor. It is noteworthy that the nature of the process is physically dependent upon the level of fuel oil water content. However, it is more economically efficient to burn the emulsion, which has the water content in the range of 10-20%. The optimum level of the water content may be adjusted depending on a technological process and equipment features.

The efficiency of dispersed water as a dope in the emulsified fuel is achieved by atomization and chemical changes of the burning process alike. The latter has to do with the fact that the water is exposed to dissociation (H2O=H+ + OH-). This process yields OH- group, which exceeds oxygen by its oxidizing capacity. OH- group is present inside the fuel excess zone and successfully makes up for its shortage.

Heading from the above mentioned, it is possible to assume that during the burning of the emulsified fuel, the air consumption scales down to the near stecheometric ratio, which, consequently, boosts the efficiency of the burning process.
MHDRS-2004M BENEFITS:

• compatibility of the existing fuel preparation lines at industrial enterprises;
• continuity, reliability and simplicity of emulsion formation;
• a possibility of switching the emulsion over to the major fuel without furnace stoppage;
• a possibility of controlling and regulating the water content of the emulsion and its consistent maintenance;
• no additional space and extra expenses for system installation.

 Total savings generated by the system operation are made up of the following factors:

• direct fuel savings due to burning optimization;
• reduction of the air intake and cleaning requirement for boiler heated surfaces;
• insignificant costs related to environmental activities;
• insignificant costs related to the recycling of waste water.

Magnetic Treatment of Fuel

The latest development in the field of magnetology

Pollution of the atmosphere by poisonous exhaust gases remains to be one of the most acute problems for large industrial centers and cities in all advanced countries. Numerous solutions to this problem are being offered: different catalysts, filters, additives, etc. Magnetic fuel modifier is, undoubtedly, one of the most acceptable solutions, from both, environmental and economic sides. That is why the device is acknowledged in countries of Gulf area, which are famous for adopting the latest inventions and technologies.

We would like to present some information on the device's testing in different regions of the world.

Table 1.
1. Results of the test carried out in Buenos-Aires, Argentina.
"Ford-Taurus"

Exhaust gases	Without the device	After device's installation
CO, %	2.05	0.57
CO2, %	12.0	11.7
HC, ppm	193	124
O2, %	1.6	1.8

2. Results of the test carried out in UAE.
"Toyota-Corolla"

Exhaust gases	Without the device	After device's installation
CO, %	3.1	0.18
CO2, %	13.3	12.2
HC, ppm	171	78
O2, %	7.0	9.7

3. Results of the test carried out in Russia.
"Grand Cherokee"

Exhaust gases	Without the device	After device's installation
CO, %	6.12	1.31
CO2, %	13.1	11.9
HC, ppm	187	93
O2, %	5.4	8.9

Table 2.
Fuel saving acquired by using magnetic fuel modifier on different types of vehicles

No	Vehicle tested	Type of engine	Type of fuel	% of saving
1	DAEWOO bus	injector	diesel	14.0
2	VOLVO B10m bus	injector	diesel	23.0
3	NISSAN PATROL	carburetor	petrol	23.6
4	CHEVROLET LUMINA	injector	petrol	18.4
5	CHRYSLER	injector	petrol	28.7
6	TOYOTA CRESSIDA	carburetor	petrol	27.0
7	MITSUBISHI LANCER	carburetor	petrol	24.2
8	TOYOTA CAMRY	injector	petrol	25.0
9	FORD TAURUS	injector	petrol	26.2
10	NISSAN BLUEBIRD	injector	petrol	27.2
11	PEUGEOT	injector	petrol	23.0
12	MERCEDES-220	injector	petrol	25.0

Magnetic fuel modifier is suitable for usage with any kind of fuel (petrol, diesel, kerosene, gas), and the result will always be positive. The device can be used for any kind of automobiles (cars, jeeps, motorcycles, trucks, buses) and sea vessels (yachts, boats, jet-skis, ships), boilers, large power devices, such as stoves for concrete production, thermal power stations, water-distilling stations, etc.

The device is exclusively simple and easy to use and does not require any special maintenance.

The device was created with a purpose of solving the following problems:

• Environmental: by using this device, amounts of toxic exhaust gases decrease by several times.

• Average fuel economy is 25-30%, which allows to pay off the device's cost during, maximum, a week of its exploitation. This pay off will occur within a few hours or even minutes in large industries and power plants.

• The device allows the engine and power plants to receive additional capacity.

Method of installation and usage

The device should be fixed directly before the carburetor or injector (see Fig. 1) or, if it is not possible, in any place on the fuel-line which carries fuel from the tank to the engine/carburetor.

Attention:

To avoid any damage of the magnetic fuel modifier, the device must not touch hot parts of the engine.

Make sure that device is working.

Before the installation of the device:
1. Take the reading of toxic exhaust gases

Then:
2. Install the magnetic fuel modifier
3. Let the engine work for 10 hours
4. Take the second reading of the toxic exhaust gases
5. Difference in the chemical composition of exhaust gases will be an evident proof of device's work effectiveness

Sequence of installation

Fig. 1.
1 - fuel container
2 - filter
3 - magnetic fuel modifier
4 - carburetor (injector)

If installation of the device is not possible in this order, install it anywhere between fuel container and carburetor (injector).

Attention! In all cases, it is necessary to regulate the carburetor additionally after fixing the magnetic fuel modifier. Practice shows that, in order to decrease the amount of fuel injected in to carburetor, such regulation should be done at least 4 times during initial 60 days of the device's functioning. Since all the engine's parts are getting magnetic, the magnetic fuel modifier's functioning becomes more efficient.

Efficiency evaluation magnetic fuel modifier (quick assessement for private users)

Magnetic fuel modifier shall be evaluated directly on the testing ovehicle according to the procedure as folloes below.

1. Prior installation of magnetic fuel modifier
1.1. Fill the tank with petrol up to the fullest.
1.2. Note milage readings and the time before the start of vehicle.
1.3. Run the vehicle for at least 100 km on a motorway.
1.5. Take milage readings and the time upon completation of the 100 km run.
1.5. Fill the tank with petrol up to the fullest (1.1.) and note the amount of the petrol drawn.
1.6. Fix the modifier onto the fuel line of vehicle.
2. Following installation of magnetic fuel modifier
2.1. Drive the vehicle for 5-7 days in a normal fashion.
2.2. Go for a check run after 5-7 days as per 1.1.-1.5.
Note: average speed is computed by the following formula:
Vav = S / T [km/h] and shall not a difference of ±5 km/h befor and after installation.
3. Efficiency evaluation magnetic fuel modifier
3.1. Calculate specific fuel consumption for a control run before installation of the fuel modifier. Use the following formula:
Y1 = Q1 / S1 [gal/km],
given that,
Q1 - amount of fuel poured into the tank after the run;
S1 - distance covered.
3.2. Calculate specific fuel consumption for a control run after installation of the fuel modifier. Use the following formula:
Y2 = Q2 / S2 [gal/km],
given that,
Q2 - amount of fuel poured into the tank after the run;
S2 - distance covered.
Note: it is advisable that S1 = S2.
3.3. Calculate the fuel saving (modifier efficiency). Use the following formula:
E = (Y1 - Y2) x 100 / Y1 [%]

Diesel Engines and Other Power Plants

Magnetic fuel modifier should be installed on the fuel pipe- line.

Warranty: "Magnetic Technologies L.L.C" guarantees qualitative performance of the magnetic fuel modifier for 1 year, provided that there is no mechanical damage of the device.

Note: Efficiency of the magnetic fuel modifier is valid for 10 years.

Choosing magnetic system

Type	Output in liters/hour and area of application	Price in $US
M.F.M.-0,25"	Not less 250 l/hr. Cars, motorcycles, yachts, military machinery, diesel power systems	165
M.F.M.-0,5"	Not less 1 500 l/hr. Ships, diesel electric power stations, etc.	Would be designed as per order
M.F.M.-1"	Not less 2 500 l/hr. Large power industries, large ships
M.F.M.-1,5"	Not less 5 000 l/hr. Large power plants

Scientific Research on the following subjects

1. Evaluation of possibilities of magnetic fuel modifier on the changes of the main characteristics of fuel in laboratory conditions.
2. Evaluation on the influence of magnetic fuel modifier on engine properties of diesel fuel.
3. Evaluation on the influence of magnetic fuel modifier on the effectiveness of fuel additives.
4. Influence of magnetic treatment on the stability of water- diluted diesel fuel.
5. Research on the influence of different levels of magnetic treatment on the main physical and chemical levels of diesel and boiler fuels.
6. Research on the influence of magnetic modifier on denotation characteristics of fuel and engines.
7. Influence of magnetic treatment on the levels of petrol evaporation.
8. Influence of magnetic treatment on stability levels and purity levels of petrol.
9. Evaluation on the effectiveness of magnetic fuel modifier on its power, economical and ecological levels of diesel and petrol engines while at rest and on the road.
10. Evaluation of the influence of magnetic fields on anti wearing out properties and thermo-acidic stability of jet fuels.

Practical Applications of MHDRS

FIELD OF APPLICATION	PLACE OF APPLICATION	RESULTS PRODUCED
Brine purification from Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions	Crimean Soda Production Factory, Ukraine, 1980, 1991-1992; Soda Production Amalgamation in Stermilak, Bashkiria, Russia, 1987	1. Purification rate doubles and triples. 2. The consumption of raw materials and electric power to yield the purified brine dwindles by 10-15%. 3. The equipment efficiency increases by 20-30% 4. The calculi reduced by 25%.
Production of mineral filling agent - white soot (carbonization, filtration, flushing, drying)	Leninisk Mining Plant, Tula Region, Russia, 1979-1980	1. Production efficiency goes up by 1.09-1.34 times. 2. The volume of waste water slides down by 25-30%. 3. Gas consumption lowers by 1.13-1.23 times.
Cleaning the hard substances of chemical production by flushing	Crimean Soda Production Factory, Ukraine, 1981; Lisichansk Soda Production Factory, Lugansk Region, Russia, 1983; Soda Production Amalgamation in Stermilak, Bashkiria, Russia, 1987	1. The consumption of flushing water diminishes by 1.2-1.3 times. 2. Reduction of production losses when flushing by 1.3-1.5 times. 3. Power consumption at the production facility goes down by 5%.
Dissolution, evaporation, centrifugation, sediment flushing	Aktyubinsk Chrome Compound Plant, Kazakhstan, 1984	1. Reduction of the power required for evaporation and centrifugation by 20-30%. 2. The splash-proof factor of evaporators decreases 50-60-fold. 3. The quality of finished product is boosted (substance content, impurity reduction).
Desalination of water and steam by evaporating the seawater	Karabogazsulfat Production Amalgamation, Turkmenistan, 1985-1986	1. Reduction of power consumption at the production facility by 1.3-1.5 times. 2. No salt deposits on heat exchanger surfaces. 3. Application of complexions discontinued.
Intensification of brine preparation for soda production	Bereznikovo Potassium Plant, Perm Region, Russia, 1984	1. Brine concentration has gone up by 1.5-2%. 2. Soda production efficiency at carbonization has been boosted by 0.7-1%.
Prevention of carbonate deposits on the surface of equipment and pipelines	1. Steam boiler at Beer Distillery No.1 in Kharkov, Ukraine. 2. Bottle washing shop at Beer Distillery No.3 in Kharkov, Ukraine. 3. Chemical treatment shop at Heat Power Station in Kremenchug, Russia. 4. Food Acid Factory in Kharkov, Ukraine. 5. Kharkov Dairy, Ukraine (return water line). 6. SAU Plant in Kharkov, Ukraine (boiler). 7. Boiler room at Kharkov Region Heat Power Station, 1990-1998.	Removal of the stagnant build-up to never form again.
Household heating systems	Makeev metallurgic Works, Makeevka, Ukraine, 1992.	1. Gas consumption has dropped by 10-15%. 2. Operational time of water boilers has been extended four-fold.
Steam generator	UkrBurGas, Ukraine, 1997	1. Steam pressure in the boiler has increased by 1.7-1.8 times. 2. The factory has never had a stoppage for the boiler acid flushing.
Steam boiler, chemical water treatment	Kozak Sewing Factory, Fastov, Kiev Region, Ukraine, 1998.	1. Gas consumption has dropped by 1.2-1.3 times. 2. Operational time of ion exchange filters in between recovery sessions has been boosted by 4 times. 3. Sodium chloride consumption required for the recovery of Na cationite has been reduced by 4 times. 4. The chlorine content of wastes has been decreased.
Slip drying process	Tile block factory, Kharkov, Ukraine, 1998.
Evaporation of diffusion sugar juice	Pivnenkov Sugar Factory, Trostenets, Sum Region, Ukraine, 1999.	Power consumption reduced by 30%.
Alcohol production	Ivashkovo Alcohol Factory, Kharkov Region, Ukraine, 1999.	Gas consumption reduced by 20-25%.
Dried milk production	Kharkov Dairy, 2001.	Gas consumption reduced by 10%.
Dried milk production	Talne Dairy, Cherkassy Region, Ukraine, 2001.	Gas consumption reduced by 17%.
Malt production	Beer Distillery No.l, Kharkov, Ukraine, 1992.	Barley sprouting boosted by 46%.
Cement production	National Cement Co. p.s.c., Dubai, U.A.E., 1997-2003	1. In the cooling water system, the results are quite satisfactory as the buld up in the cooling pipes has very much reduced. 2. In heat exchangers the crust formation has disappeared and improved. 3. Maintenance for the cooling system was reduced. 4. In the fuel system also burning improved and also some saving in fuel noticed.
Paper production (recycling)	Union Paper Mills, Dubai, UAE, 2004	1. Strength of paper essentially has increased, that has allowed to tower consumption of starch by more than 18%. 2. Betterment in cleaning synthetic wire. 3. The efficiency of combustion of fuel has increased. CO and H2S in outgoing gases are not found out.
Aluminum production	Dubai Aluminum Company Limited, Dubai, UAE, 2004	1. The degree of stratification of water-oil emulsion increased. 2. The processes of corrosion were in pipes considerably slowed down. 3. The deposit formation in the pipes has very much reduced.